Surfacing tool



Feb, 23, 1932. Q w. BLACK' 1,846,180

SURFACING TOOL 4ai 3./0 f 'l I4 Iza 25 illl. l

156 \J fai! 4 y sH/'orueys Fe. -21,3, 1932. n Q w, BLACK 4 1,846,180

SURFAGING TOOL Filed July 7, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ma@ 12e/9. 7

F' .4: ;l) /g V771 I. 1| n u Ewen-207' Patented F eb, 23, 1932 UNITED.STATES PATENTOFFICE Gannon W. BLAciQoF OLIVIA, mesura connective `roer.

application medi my 7, `1930. Serial No. 465,848.

scribed in the following specilication, made in connection withtheacoompanying drawings,

wherein like reference characters refer tothe it" saine or similar partsthroughout the various views, and, in which,

v Fig. 1 is a plan view illustrating the, cornploto tool, certain of theparts being broken away to more clearly show the construction 313thereof;

Ffg. 2 is a viewin side elevation of the complete tool,` certain of theparts being broken away and the plane bottoni being illustrated in oneposition in full lines and in another4 position in dotted lines;

Fig. 3 is a View in side elevation of the tool set up `tor use as ascraper, theblade be'- ing shown in one position in full lnestforscraijiing a surface indicated in full lines, and being shown inanother' position in dotted lines for scraping a second surfaocindicatedby dotted lines .i l

Fig. fi isy a vertical section taken on the line 1li-li of Fig. 2, asindicated by the arrows; e

Fig. 5 is a vertical seetiontalen on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2, asindicated by the arrows; n y

Fig. 6 is a plan View illustrating one type of plunebottorn that may beused; y

Fig. 7 is a -plan view on areducedscale illnstratingia second type ofplane bottoni thatinay beused; and v n Fig. 8 is a sectional viewillustrating the cutter and cutter holder.

Referring to the drawings, in accordance with the present invention, ablock S of substantially rectangular shape is provided hav ing securedthereto at its Lipper end asuit.- able handle 9 preferably ofsubstantially C-shape as shown. The .block 8 is provided V with -ahorizontal bore within which `fits "-a screw 10 secured at its forwardendto acutter holder 11. The cutter holderdl corn` prises vmerely astraight bar set transveiselyfV relativeto the screw 1() and havingforwardly and inwardly extending hookffportions with diagonal andbevelled edges at its two ends to receive a curved cutter 12 ofsubstant1al-ly U-shape. AThecutter 12 is preferably formed fromhighgradesteelandis provid-Q` ed with what maybeternied forward` and rearsharpened, straight edge`sh312a and-12b` at its two ends. The-edge 12a`as `formed by providinga coni aratively narrow bevel at the forward enof theK cutter, while the" sharpenededge 12b is formed by providing acomparativelylong bevel at the rear end of the cutter. The edge 12b is,accordingly, morelike `a razor edge than is the edge 12a. The portion ofthe` cutter 12 immediately ad"- joining the edge 12o `is straightfor ashort distance, while the` portion-of` the cutter adjoining the edge 12bis arcuately curved. It will be seen that the cutter V12 may be slidupf`wardly or` downwardly" in the holder 1l and that, accordingly, the angle`of inclination of the sharpened edges 12a and12b may be varied relativeto theblock 8 and the level of the two edgescan be varied relative toeach other.` It will also be understood that the cutter; 12fmay .be sodisposedinlthe holder. 11 that the edge lais disposed most closelyadjacent the block 8 in `place ofthe edge 12b. The` holder 11 isreceived in al transverse groove formed in a hollow hub lhaving a numberof radial corrugations at its rear side which are adapted to -interfitwith radial `corrugations formed on the forward side of the block 8. Itwill be understood that the groove in the hub` 13 will` prevent tiltling actionof the holder l1 and the cutter 12 relative to the hub 13 andthat the` holder` and cutter can be held in any desired tilted?relationrelativeto theblock S by turning the hub 13 andthen engagingthe` corrugations on the hub with the corrugations on theior` ward sideof the block. Anut 14 tits on the screw-threadedrear end `of thescrewilO and this 'nut when drawn uptightly against the rear side of thebloclr 8, will cause the holder 11 and cutter 12 to be drawn in arearward direction, so that the forward end of the hub 13 bears againstthe cutter 12 and firmly and securely holds thesame in place in a.desired adjusted position.

VThe lower rear end of the lblock 8 is bored to receive a screw 15 whichruns through a Y pair of comparatively heavy lugs lformed 10 on the rearends of a ll-slia-ped--frame 17. The screw 15 forinsapivot for thisframe to permit the frame to be swung forwardly and upwardly as from thedotted line position illustrated in Fig. 2, to thefull line position.

" {be'slid relative to the' frame -`17. The vforward end' ofthe'plane`Vbottom` is equipped" with a short upwardly projecting curved flangel18band the plane bottoni isprovided with a notch 180 at thepcentral portionof its rear lend to permit the frame 17 andv plane bottom18to be swungrearwardly past bloclr V8. "A slot 18d is provided ,in approximately thecentralv portion of.` the plane 4bottom and one of the sharpenededges-ofthe cutter 12 sliding ino'vementjz'of the plai is Y adapted toibe' projected more` or less through the slot 18d1to ext-end below thebot' tomf plane surface of thefpla'ne bottomv when ity is forwardlyswung.I The forwardcen, tralportionjof the frame 17 is recessed on.

its under surface tov receive r`therein a small rectangular lug 19formed on thetop side ofv the plane bottom .18 adjacent itsforwardjend.

The recesslon 4the lower side of the frame 17 joins a rectangular`opening'la 4 formed at the forward central portion of the frame and athumb screw 20 lits within a screw-threaded bore in the lug 19 and is`adapted to be turned down to clamp the forward. endiof the frame 17tightly against the lug '19 and Vprevent relative slidingmovem'entVbe'tweeiitlie Yframe 17 and the plane bottom Y Theframe .17 at thesides of the openingfl'a is 'provided with` a pair .offspaced ears andpivoted these ears j is 'a yolte having a forwardI centrally extendingscrew. port-ion ongwhicn L e.. grooved nutV 23" is *screw-threaded. The

ooved nut V.28 is4 adapted to fit. within a' small fork 24C carried bythe planebetteln118.-

' It will Vbe seen that"'sli"ding movement of` the plane bottom18trelatire to the 'frame-17 may take place Whengtbe'thumb 2l) isloosened and sliding increment of the plane' bottom in a forwarddirection'froni the frame will be' limited vby engagement of 'thefthumhscrew 20 with the poitionof tlieframe 17 forward of the .opening 17a w lle bottoni willl be limited by engagement ofthe lug 19 with of v frame17.

liilef' rearward the portion ofthe fra-me 17 rearward of the opening 17a. It will also be clearly understood that when. the nut 23 is fittedwithin the fork 24 andthe thumb screw 20 is loosened, the plane bottom18 can be slid relative to the frame 17 by turning the nut 23. Smallpointers 25 are preferably provided on the side flanges 18a1of the planebottom and these pointers are adapted to register with aA series ofsmally spaced grooves ,176 4formed adjacent the two edges ofthe top sideThe relative sliding adjustment between the frame 17 and the plane'bottom 18 canbe quickly and readily determined byA examining theposition of the pointe'rs`25 relative tothe series of grooves 17 b. Inorder that the plane bottom 18 and frame Y17 mayfbefheld in'a desiredswung position relative tothe block 8, a clamping nut 26 isscrewed fonYto vone end of the screw 15. A

The tion; e at ai@ te@ Sides,V thereof Vis provided with pairs ofapertured spaced ear's 8a, the aperture ing, at least,one ear at eachside of' the block being screw-threaded. Screws 27 extend'through theapertures in the ears 8a andy thesefscrews' are equipped with lock ynuts28. The said-screws 27 project downwardly below the ears 8aandformadjustable stops adapted to bear against the top surfaces of thelugs 16 to limitr the distance that the frame 17 and the plane bottom 18carried thereby, can be swung upwardlyand forwardly relative tothe block8. Also rthese screws 27. serve to form a fine adjustingV meansA forregulating thetiltof the 'cutter 12 and takefup the play between thepivot screw 145k andthe lugs 16 when the tool is infuse as aplane. -v4rThe operationof the tool vis probably ob vious fromthe above descriptionbut may be briefly summarized as follows If it is desired to use thetool as a plane, the cutter12 may be set in the holder 11 so that eitherone of the sharpened edges 12a or 125 will extend rearwardly dependingon the type of surface that is to'be planed. If a very s'moth ysurfaceis desired, the edge 12b will, preferably be usedg` while l if rougherwork is required, the edge 12a will be used. Let iis assume that a veryfine surface is desired on the wood to be planed. The cutter 12 willthen beset Vso that the edge 12b projects downwardly through the slot18d in the plane bottom. 'When the cutter has been adjustedintheholder11,' Vso that the edge'12b projects downwardly belowth'e plane bottom 18the desired distance,the nut 14 will be tightened to clamp the cutterfirmly in place. Of course, the transverse tilt of theedge 12b willbedetermined by the `engagement of the corrugations on-the hub 1 3 inthe proper'corrugations onthe forward side ofthe block 8.

the nut 23 after the thumb screw 20 has been loosened, the plane bottom18 will be set so that the portion of the plane bottom adjacent the rearedge of the slot 18d abuts the cutter ...j 12 adjacent' the edge 126.`The thumb screw u 20 will then be tightened against the frame 1T tohold the frame 17 and plane bottom 18 in fixed relation relative to eachother. The screws 27 will be set so that when the plane bottom` andframe have been swung forwardly to the desired position, the lower endsof the screws willabut the lugs 16'. The thumb nut 26 will be tightenedon the screw 15 to piievent pivotal action of the plane bottom and theframe relative to the block 8. The tool can now be used as a plane anddue to the curvature of the cutter 12 and to the long' bevel of the edge12b, a fine razor-like cut will be produced on the `surface when the g,tool is pushed forwardly over the same. It`

will be seen that practically any desired adj ustment of the cutter 12may be made so that either a light cut or a heavy cut can be made. Theangle of inclination of the edge 12b can be varied to suit differentrequirements by a cooperative adjustment between the cutter 'l2 in theholder 11 and the nut 23 in the fork 24:. The edge 12a can be similarlyadjusted for use through the slot 18d.

If it is desired to use the tool as a scraper, either the plane bottom18 and frame 17 can be completely removed from the tool by loosening thenut 26 and withdrawing the screw 15, or the plane bottom 18 and frame f-1T may be swung downwardly and rearward ly past the block 8 to be out ofthe way of the cutter. Either one of the edges 12a or 12b can then beadjusted in the holder 11 for use as a scraping edge. When the tool isused as a scraper, it will be drawn over the surface that it is desiredto be scraped in a direction towards the user. In Fig. 3, the tool inuse a scraper with the plane bottom 18, frame 1T, screw 15 and nut 26removed is shown, one position of the cutter for use on a surface beingshown in full lines, and a second position of the cutter for use on asecond surface being shown in dotted lines.

It will be understood that different types "1 of plane bottoms can besubstituted for the plane bottom 18. Thus in Fig. 7, a plane bottom 29is shown which is similar to the plane bottom 18 in all respects withthe exception that the plane bottom 29 is considerably longer than isthe plane bottom 18, and

it is not provided with a notch similar' to the notch 180 in its rearend. When the plane bottom 2) is used, no swinging action of the planebottom and frame 17 relative to the block 8 vabout the screw 15 as apivot, is possible. The plane bot-tom 29 will preferably be used whenthe tool is to be operated as a jack plane, while the bottom 18 will beused when the plane is to be operated as an ordinary smoothing planeV orblock plane.

The tool is quite'simple in construction and it has been successfullydemonstrated in actualpractice. j

It will, ofcourse, be understoodthat various changes may be made in theform, details, arrangement and proportions of the various parts withoutdeparting from the'scope.' of the presentk invention. ,i i What isyclaimed is i 1,\ A surfacing tool, comprisinga block, a cutter having asharpened edge mounted on said bloc-k, abottom member pivoted to saidblock and adapted to project forwardly there,` from and throughwhich thesharpened edge of said cutter isadapted to extend, and means forholdingsaid bottom memberat a desired inclination relative to saidblock.

" 2. A surfacing tool, comprising a block, a cutter having agsharpenededge, means `for mounting said cutter on. said block, a bottom memberpivoted to said block and adapted to project forwardly therefrom andthrough? which the sharpened edge of said `cutter is adapted to project,means for var ingthe inclination of the sharpened edge o said cutterrelative to sa-id block and means for holding said bottom member at adesired inclination relative to said block.` 'l

i 3p A surfacing tool, comprising a block,

`a cutterhaving asharpened edge, means for mounting said cutter-on saidblock so that the sharpened edge thereof will project below theblock, amember pivoted to said block and adapted lto project forwardlytherefrom, a

plane bottom mounted on said member for sliding movement thereon, saidplane bottom having a slot therein through`fwhich` the sharpened edge ofsaid cutter may extend, and means for slidingsa-idbottomon said member."j u 4. A surfacing tool comprising a block, a curved cutter havingastraight sharpened edge, a cutter holder mounted onsaidblock, a framemounted on said block and projecting forwardl j therefrom, a planebottom slid-` ably mounte on said frame andI having a slot thereinthrough which the sharpened edge of said cutter projects and means foradjustably` sliding said bottom on said frame.

5, A surfacing tool comprising a blc` ck,a` curvedV cutter havingastraight sharpened edge,`a holder mounted on"said blockfor embracingsaid cutter, said cutter being slidable in said ,holder to vary theinclination of the shar ened edge thereof relative to the block anldalso to vary the extension of the sharpened edge thereof below saidblock, a frame pivotally mounted on said block" and projecting forwardlytherefrom, a plane bot` ing a slot therein through which `said cutterprojects, `means for sliding `said bottom on said frame and means fortightening said holder against said cutter.

6. The structure defined in claim 5, and

tom slidably` mounted on said frame and hav-' stop means for preventingvsaid frame from beingi swung forwardly 'and' upwardly Tela# tive to saidblock beyond a certai-nfpoint.A

7; .'A-surfacingtool comprisingpa block, a

Y handle secured to said block, acurvedbutter Y having astraightsharpened edge, aholder mounted on saidoblock vandembracing said cutter,said cutter being slidable in said hold.

j er to vary the angle offi'nclinationfof the ,3- sharpened edgethereofrelative to said block n and to vary the distance of projectionof its sharpened edge belowT said block', means "for tightening saidholder against said cutter, 'a frame pivoted at-its rear end to-saidblock, a

15v plane bottom slidably mounted on saidframe andhaving a slot thereinthrough which the sharpened edgel ofsaidl cutter is adapted to proj ect,means, foiyadjustably sliding said plane bottom ion said iframe, andmeansfor 20 securing said frame to said Ablock atea desired forwardlyprojecting" angle relativetothe same.`- 1 Y Y Y Vg .o A. -,f8,Asurfacing tool comprising a block, a handle secured to said block,`acutter ofsub- 25 stantially Ufshape having sharpened straight Y forwardand rear` edges, a holder mounted on said block and embracingsaidcutter, said cutter being slidable in said holder to vary the inclinationofkr the sharpened edges there- 3Q of relativeY to said blockand to .vary the levels j p of the .tvvo sharpened edges relative toeach other, means for tightening'said.v holder vztgainstsad cutter and aplane bottom pvotedto said block and havingY a slottherein 3.5; throughWhichlone lof the sharpened edges of said cutter maybe extended Vwhensaid plane bottom is swung forwardly, saidplane bottom being capable'ofbeing swung rear-A wardly outof theWay of said cutter. o l

40j `9- A Surfacing tool comprising ablock, a cutter having a sharpenededge, aV bottom member pivoted to said block and having a transverseslot through which the sharpened edge ofsaidrcutter isadapted to beprojected .45 and means for` supporting saidcutter on said block Withits sharpened edgeat variousinl clinations relative to said bottommember and with its lower portion bearingagainst a portion of saidbottomrmember adjacent said 1,0. A surfacing tool comprising a block, acutterhaving a sharpened` edge, `a bottom member `secured to saidblock-andthrough Which the sharpened edge, of said lcutteris adapted tobe projected, means for supporting said cutter on saidpblock with itssharp- Y ened vedge set at various inclinations relative tosaidbottommember longitudinally of said bottom member and? means for varyingk j 6@the lateral tilt ofsaid `cutter relative to said bottom member. Y Y

. In testimony7 `whereof I affix myv signature,

GEORGE W.l BLACK

